Fed Proposes New Interest Rate and Fee Rule
The Federal Reserve yesterday announced that it has issued a new proposed rule amending Regulation Z to change regulations regarding late payments and penalty fees charged by credit card issuers and to require card issuers to reconsider increases in interest rates. The new rule comes on the heels of the recent effective date of Regulation Z amendments implementing the Credit CARD Act.
Among other things, the proposed rule announced yesterday would:
- Prohibit credit card issuers from charging penalty fees (including late payment fees and fees for exceeding the credit limit) that exceed the dollar amount associated with the consumer's violation of the account terms. For example, card issuers would no longer be permitted to charge a $39 fee when a consumer is late making a $20 minimum payment. Instead, the fee could not exceed $20.
- Ban inactivity fees, such as fees based on the consumer's failure to use the account to make new purchases.
- Prevent issuers from charging multiple penalty fees based on a single late payment or other violation of the account terms.
- Require credit card issuers to inform consumers of the reasons for increases in rates.
- Require issuers that have increased rates since January 1, 2009 to evaluate whether the reasons for the increase have changed and, if appropriate, to reduce the rate.
The 30-day comment period for the proposed rule will begin when the proposed rule is published in the Federal Register.
Rules Implementing the Credit CARD Act Effective Today
Among other things, the final rules will:
- limit the application of increased rates to existing credit card balances.
- require credit card issuers to consider a consumer’s ability to make the required payments.
- establish special requirements for extensions of credit to consumers who are under the age of 21.
- limit the assessment of fees for exceeding the credit limit on a credit card account.
Last week, the Federal Reserve announced a Credit Card website to help consumers better understand the credit card rules that take effect today. Two interactive features on the site enable consumers to learn more about credit-card offers’ terms and fees and about the new features on monthly statements. The Fed has also posted a summary of the rule changes for consumers.
Surveying Developments in Consumer Finance Regulation
A number of significant legislative changes occurred in 2009 related to consumer finance regulation.
The most significant potential change—the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act—is still in flux as it moves through the U.S. Senate. However, the version of the CFPA passed by the U.S. House contains several provisions of which every practitioner should be aware. New regulations governing credit card products and overdraft fees will also significantly impact consumer finance practice.
See a summary of recent developments in consumer finance regulation.
Fed Issues Final Credit Card Rule
The Federal Reserve has issued its final rules amending Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act, pursuant to the Credit CARD Act of 2009. Previous legislative efforts to expedite the effective date of the CARD Act resulted in no changes.
Among other things, the final rule, effective February 22, 2010, will:
• limit the application of increased rates to existing credit card balances;
• require credit card issuers to consider a consumer’s ability to make the required payments;
• establish special requirements for extensions of credit to consumers who are under the age of 21; and
• limit the assessment of fees for exceeding the credit limit on a credit card account.
The Fed has posted a summary of the rule changes for consumers.
House Approves Accleration of CARD Act Effective Date
The U.S. House of Representatives yesterday voted 331-92 to pass H.R. 3639, the Expedited CARD Reform for Consumers Act of 2009, which would accelerate the effective date of the Credit CARD Act of 2009.
The provisions of the Credit CARD Act become effective in three stages: the first provisions took effect in August 2009; the remaining provisions take effect in February 2010 and August 2010. The Expedited CARD Act would make all provisions effective immediately on enactment, with the exception of small card issuers with fewer than 2 million cards and gift cards, which would be subject to the February 2010 effective date. The Expedited CARD Act also permits card issuers that adopt a moratorium on interest rate increases on current balances and new balances incurred before February 22, 2010, to be exempt from the earlier effective date for a provision that requires an issuer to apply customer payments to the highest rate balance.
CARD Reform Acceleration Moves Forward
Efforts to move up the effective date of the Credit CARD Act of 2009, to December 1, 2009 from February and July 2010 are moving forward, approved by the House Committee on Financial Services. In a unanimous vote, the Committee approved HR 3639, the Expedited CARD Reform for Consumers Act of 2009. Under the version approved by the Committee last week, prepaid gift cards would retain the February 2010 effective date, as would credit card issuers with fewer than 2 million accounts.
Push Is On to Accelerate CARD Reform
The U.S. House Committee on Financial Services is considering recently-introduced legislation, called the Expedited CARD Reform for Consumers Act of 2009, to accelerate the effective date of the Credit CARD Act of 2009. Certain provisions of the CARD Act became effective in August 2009. The Expedited CARD legislation would amend the effective date of the remaining provisions of the CARD Act to December 1, 2009 from February and July 2010.
The Expedited CARD legislation also identifies specific CARD Act provisions to accelerate, including: reviews of past interest rate increases under Section 148(d) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1665c(d)); the requirement that penalty fees be reasonable and proportional to the violation, Section 149(b) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1665d(b)); and gift card consumer protection provisions.
Portions of Credit CARD Act Go Live
Although most provisions of the Credit CARD Act of 2009 become effective in February and July 2010, pursuant to an interim final rule announced by the Fed to amend Regulation Z as phase one of the Act's three implementation periods, certain provisions of the Act are effective today:
* Creditors must provide written notice to consumers 45 days before the creditor increases an annual percentage rate on a credit card account or makes a significant change to the terms of a credit card account;
* Creditors must inform consumers in the same notice of their right to cancel the credit card account before the increase or change goes into effect. If a consumer does so, the creditor is generally prohibited from applying the increase or change to the account; and
* Creditors generally must mail or deliver periodic statements for credit cards and other open-end consumer credit accounts at least 21 days before payment is due.
